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　　Laundry liquid agent can be divided into two categories: one is alkaline liquid detergent, alkaline detergent as it can be washed cotton, linen, synthetic fabrics; the other is a neutral liquid detergent, it washable wool, silk and other fine fabrics. We should have good liquid detergent detergency, but also in the winter and hot summer could always be transparent, non-hierarchical, non-turbid, no precipitation, and has a certain viscosity.

　　● weak alkaline pH, the general control of liquid detergent 9 to 10.5, some products are sodium alkylbenzene sulfonamide handle and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether compound formed and made of high inorganic salt additives bubble liquid detergent. Alkaline liquid detergent commonly used in clothing surfactant is alkyl benzene sulfonate, which has effective and strong decontamination hard water-resistant, easily dissolved in water. This surfactant detergency in hard water hardness increased with the weakened, therefore required to join the chelating agent to remove calcium and magnesium ions. Phosphate for use in liquid detergent chelating agent, the multiple use of potassium pyrophosphate, its calcium and magnesium ions as sodium tripolyphosphate chelating ability, but it is larger solubility in water. In addition, general requirements for liquid detergent has a certain viscosity and pH, so also in inorganic and organic tackifier and solubilizer.

　　● neutral liquid laundry detergent, the pH value of 7 to 8 can be used to wash silk, wool and other fine fabrics. These products are mainly used for surfactant and solubilizer composition. Because without additives, mainly by detergency surfactant, therefore higher levels of surfactant, generally 40% to 50%. Active matter content in general than non-ionic surfactant anionic surfactants. As non-ionic surfactant content is high, easy to cause the propagation of bacteria, causing discoloration smelly products, in order to prevent multiplication of bacteria, may add some amount of sodium and hydroxy benzene, methyl esters as preservatives.

　　Liquid detergent Cons:

　　First, the liquid detergent solubility limitations and because the compatibility problem of surfactant, inorganic additives by adding variety and quantity are greatly affected. Therefore, liquid detergent, some good can not add or only trace additives added, which greatly weakened the effect of washing liquid detergent. For example, detergent formulations can be added up to 40-60% of the inorganic additives, and liquid detergent dosage of inorganic additives is generally 3-10%.

　　Second, the liquid detergent foaming ability, leading to foam, so clothing is not easy rinsing, a lot of wasted water and electricity.

　　Third, the liquid detergent in general 40-80% of added water, the opposite is not washing component content, which makes a huge consumption of water liquid detergent products and transport costs. In addition, the liquid detergent for general use plastic bottles, barrels distribution, and laundry detergent, like a lot of plastic waste will be generated.

Soap is a fatty acid reaction product, after saponification, saponification fatty acid is a zwitterionic surfactant, a hydrophilic based on hydrophobic, hydrophilic ion adsorption in soapy water to the surface of the water-repellent based ion separation, the formation of groups like structure to form pull bubbles, liquid detergent and soap can be mixed. This is because these two materials are anionic detergent washing, but close to neutral liquid detergent and soap is alkaline. It is worth noting, however, soap soluble in water. If the wash water temperature is low, not only soap removal effect should be discounted, but not easy to rinse clean and drowned. To do this, use soap when washing clothes, preferably with some warm water.

1. Identification of hard water soap to improve tests

The stearic acid, sodium hydroxide (accounting for about 15% of stearic acid mass) into the beaker, add appropriate amount of ethanol as solvent. Slowly heating the mixture to the surface in the beaker without oil beads, or get soap. Two were added in the test tube containing a small amount of distilled water and calcium chloride solution, and then drops the soap, observed phenomena. Experimental results show that the new system of soapy water to test the effect of hard water is better than the muddy, soapy water, soap can eliminate the interference of other components, the phenomenon of apparent configuration of soapy water to facilitate easy operation, saving time and materials.

1. To do with soap colloid experiments

①     Tyndall phenomenon: the beam of light through the liquid soap from the side you can see a bright path.

②     ② salt (colloid coagulation): the liquid soap into a beaker containing saturated salt water, the beaker of liquid layers, namely the upper white solid soap (sodium stearate).

1. The cohesive effect of the use of soap manufacturing solid alcohol

Preparation of solid alcohol, can serve as a fun experiment, students in the event of chemical knowledge, enhance their interest to apply their knowledge. Use of soap (sodium stearate) as a coagulant, so that the liquid alcohol is included in the framework of its space in the mesh can be solid alcohol. 2.5g of solid sodium hydroxide will be added 150ml 95% ethanol solution, then add 10ml of water, that is, a liquid, can be divided into ten. The other will be 1.5g of sodium dissolved in 20ml 95% stearic acid in ethanol solution, obtained a B solution. The two solutions will be placed in two small beaker in a water bath heated to boiling, liquid B will stop all the heat into a fluid, slightly stirred, cooled after alcohol was a translucent solid.